Network investigation guide

Investigating Web Scraping

Web scraping is repeated automated retrieval of pages or resources from a web service to collect content at scale.

Automated collection MITRE ATT&CK: T1594 Search Victim-Owned Websites / T1213 Data from Information Repositories

What does Web Scraping mean?

Crawlers and monitoring systems scrape sites legitimately every day. Risk increases when an unknown source targets an internal, authenticated, data-rich, or otherwise sensitive application.

How to investigate Web Scraping

  1. 1

    Identify the source, user agent or process, requested paths, and retrieval rate.

  2. 2

    Classify the target data and determine whether authentication was used.

  3. 3

    Compare the activity with robots policy, approved integrations, and normal client behavior.

  4. 4

    Look for systematic enumeration, sensitive downloads, or evasion such as source rotation.

Common benign explanations

Finding this behavior does not by itself prove malicious intent. Common explanations include:

  • Search-engine, SEO, link-preview, and feed crawlers
  • Availability, security, or application monitoring
  • Approved aggregators, API clients, and internal search indexers

When to escalate or de-escalate

Escalate when

  • The source is unknown and targets sensitive, internal, or authenticated content.
  • The pattern suggests systematic harvesting, access-control bypass, or data loss.

De-escalate when

  • The source is an approved crawler or integration operating within policy.
  • The content is public and the activity has no meaningful operational impact.

Investigate network behavior with Red Hand

Red Hand turns network traffic into a report that identifies meaningful behavior, adds endpoint and process context when available, and provides practical investigation guidance.